Publications

Baehr, C.; Meyer Muñoz, T.; Raffelt, K.; Dahmen, N. (2024). Viscosity Reduction of Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil by Using CO as an Additive. Energy & Fuels, 38 (7), 6012–6019. doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c04201

Martins, T.; Sá, M. S. de; Silva, W. R.; Carriel Schmitt, C.; Moreira, R.; Raffelt, K.; Dahmen, N.; Wisniewski, A., Jr. (2024). Sugarcane biorefinery: Unlocking the potential of the pyrolytic process to convert waste biomasses into value-added products. Energy Conversion and Management, 318, 118913. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118913

Silva, W. R.; Santos, T. M.; Carregosa, J. C.; Schmitt, C. C.; Raffelt, K.; Dahmen, N.; Wisniewski, A., Jr. (2024). Correction to: Bio-oil as a source of renewable chemicals: the chemistry of pyrolytic lignin. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. doi:10.1007/s13399-024-05756-2

Silva, W. R.; Santos, T. M.; Carregosa, J. C.; Schmitt, C. C.; Raffelt, K.; Dahmen, N.; Wisniewski, A., Jr. (2024). Bio-oil as a source of renewable chemicals: the chemistry of pyrolytic lignin. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. doi:10.1007/s13399-024-05622-1

Zimmermann, J.; Raffelt, K.; Dahmen, N. (2024). Suppressing the formation of N-heteroaromatics during hydrothermal liquefaction of proteinaceous model feedstock. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 14 (19), 24671–24683. doi:10.1007/s13399-023-04553-7

Baehr, C.; Acar, R.; Hamrita, C.; Raffelt, K.; Dahmen, N. (2023). CO Solubility in Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oil. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 62 (38), 15378–15385. doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.3c02070

Campos Fraga, M. M.; Vogt, J.; Lacerda de Oliveira Campos, B.; Schmitt, C. C.; Raffelt, K.; Dahmen, N. (2023). Investigation of NbO and Its Polymorphs as Catalyst Supports for Pyrolysis Oil Upgrading through Hydrodeoxygenation. Energy & Fuels, 37 (14), 10474–10492. doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c01152

Alves, V. R. S.; Meyer, D. C.; Moreira, R.; Sousa, A. P. S.; Ushima, A. H.; Raffelt, K. (2023). Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Process in a Small-Scale Fluidized Bed Reactor: Fast Pyrolysis of Eucalyptus Wood and Gasification of Sugarcane Straw. European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings, 527 – 529, ETA-Florence Renewable Energies.

Mello José, Á. H.; Raffelt, K.; Campos Fraga, M. M.; Schmitt, C. C.; Brambilla Rodrigues, R. de C. L.; Dahmen, N. (2023). Fast Pyrolysis and Catalytic Upgrading of Corncob Biomass for Fuel Production. European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings, 986–987, ETA-Florence Renewable Energies.

Telis, N. C.; Schmitt, C. C.; Raffelt, K.; Dahmen, N. (2023). Performance Evaluation of a Niobium-Based Pellet Catalyst: Hydrodeoxygenation of Bio-Oil in a Trickle Bed Reactor. European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings, 1007 – 1011, ETA-Florence Renewable Energies.

Baehr, C.; Smith, G. J.; Sleeman, D.; Zevaco, T. A.; Raffelt, K.; Dahmen, N. (2022). Aldehydes and ketones in pyrolysis oil: analytical determination and their role in the aging process. RSC Advances, 12 (12), 7374–7382. doi:10.1039/D1RA08899H

Campos Fraga, M. M.; Lacerda de Oliveira Campos, B.; Hendrawidjaja, H.; Carriel Schmitt, C.; Raffelt, K.; Dahmen, N. (2022). Fast Pyrolysis Oil Upgrading via HDO with Fe-Promoted Nb₂O₅-Supported Pd-Based Catalysts. Energies, 15 (13), Art.-Nr.: 4762. doi:10.3390/en15134762

Fan, Y.; Hoffmann, A.; Hornung, U.; Raffelt, K.; Zevaco, T. A.; Dahmen, N. (2022). Hydrothermal, catalyst-free production of a cyclic dipeptide from lysine. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 168, Art.-Nr.: 105792. doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2022.105792

Prestigiacomo, C.; Zimmermann, J.; Hornung, U.; Raffelt, K.; Dahmen, N.; Scialdone, O.; Galia, A. (2022). Effect of transition metals and homogeneous hydrogen producers in the hydrothermal liquefaction of sewage sludge. Fuel Processing Technology, 237, Art.-Nr.: 107452. doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2022.107452

Santos, T. M.; Silva, W. R. da; Carregosa, J. de C.; Schmitt, C. C.; Moreira, R.; Raffelt, K.; Dahmen, N.; Wisniewski, A., Jr. (2022). Thermal Conversion of Sugarcane Bagasse Coupled with Vapor Phase Hydrotreatment over Nickel-Based Catalysts: A Comprehensive Characterization of Upgraded Products. Catalysts, 12 (4), 355. doi:10.3390/catal12040355

Zimmermann, J.; Chiaberge, S.; Iversen, S. B.; Raffelt, K.; Dahmen, N. (2022). Sequential Extraction and Characterization of Nitrogen Compounds after Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Sewage Sludge. Energy & Fuels, 36 (23), 14292–14303. doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c02622

Schmitt, C. C.; Nguyen, K.; Schmitt, N.; Moreira, R.; Raffelt, K.; Hornung, U.; Dahmen, N. (2022). Platform chemicals from hydrothermal liquefaction of sugarcane bagasse and sugarcane straw. European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings, 30th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, EUBCE 2022, Virtual, Online, 9th May 2022 - 12th May 2022, 951–953, ETA-Florence Renewable Energies.

Konnerth, P.; Jung, D.; Straten, J. W.; Raffelt, K.; Kruse, A. (2021). Metal oxide-doped activated carbons from bakery waste and coffee grounds for application in supercapacitors. Materials science for energy technologies, 4, 69–80. doi:10.1016/j.mset.2020.12.008

Schmitt, C. C.; Fonseca, F. G.; Fraga, M. M. C.; Wisniewski, J., Alberto; Karp, S.; José, Á. H. M.; Rodrigues, R. C. L. B. L.; Moreira, R.; Hirayama, D. E.; Raffelt, K.; Dahmen, N. (2021). Thermochemical and catalytic conversion technologies for the development of Brazilian biomass utilization. Catalysts, 11 (12), 1549. doi:10.3390/catal11121549

Zimmermann, J.; Raffelt, K.; Dahmen, N. (2021). Sequential hydrothermal processing of sewage sludge to produce low nitrogen biocrude. Processes, 9 (3), Art.-Nr.: 491. doi:10.3390/pr9030491

Göller, A.; Jungstand, B.; Dahmen, N.; Raffelt, K. (2021). Microwave spectroscopy for pyrolytic bio-slurries. 13th International Conference on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances (ISEMA), 1–6, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.1109/ISEMA49699.2021.9508275

Schmitt, C. C.; Moreira, R.; Raffelt, K.; Hoj, M.; Jensen, A. D.; Grunwaldt, J.-D.; Dahmen, N. (2021). Evaluation of nickel-based catalysts for hydrotreatment of bio-oil model compound mixtures in a continuous flow reactor: Selectivity and resistance to sulfur poisoning. European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings, 29th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, EUBCE 2021, Virtual, Online, 26 April 2021 - 29 April 2021, 934–941, ETA-Florence Renewable Energies.

Fan, Y.; Hornung, U.; Raffelt, K.; Dahmen, N. (2020). The influence of lipids on the fate of nitrogen during hydrothermal liquefaction of protein-containing biomass. Journal of analytical and applied pyrolysis, 147, Art. Nr.: 104798. doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2020.104798

Infantes, A.; Kugel, M.; Raffelt, K.; Neumann, A. (2020). Side-by-Side Comparison of Clean and Biomass-Derived, Impurity-Containing Syngas as Substrate for Acetogenic Fermentation with Clostridium ljungdahlii. Fermentation, 6 (3), Article: 84. doi:10.3390/fermentation6030084

Schmitt, C. C.; Moreira, R.; Neves, R. C.; Richter, D.; Funke, A.; Raffelt, K.; Grunwaldt, J.-D.; Dahmen, N. (2020). From agriculture residue to upgraded product: The thermochemical conversion of sugarcane bagasse for fuel and chemical products. Fuel processing technology, 197, Article: 106199. doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2019.106199

Carriel Schmitt, C.; Zimina, A.; Fam, Y.; Raffelt, K.; Grunwaldt, J.-D.; Dahmen, N. (2019). Evaluation of High-Loaded Ni-Based Catalysts for Upgrading Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil. Catalysts, 9 (9), Article: 784. doi:10.3390/catal9090784

Rosendahl, L. A.; Cocchi, M.; Iversen, S.; Heracleous, E.; Dallo, I. L.; Lercher, J.; Raffelt, K.; Sandquist, J.; Verdier, S.; Bianchi, D.; Hellings, B.; Grassi, A.; Momi, S. (2019). Sustainable drop-in transport fuels from hydrothermal liquefaction of low value urban feedstocks-nextgenroadfuels project. 27th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, EUBCE 2019; Lisbon; Portugal; 27 May 2019 through 30 May 2019, 1166–1168, ETA-Florence Renewable Energies.

Boscagli, C.; Tomasi Morgano, M.; Raffelt, K.; Leibold, H.; Grunwaldt, J.-D. (2018). Influence of feedstock, catalyst, pyrolysis and hydrotreatment temperature on the composition of upgraded oils from intermediate pyrolysis. Biomass and bioenergy, 116, 236–248. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.06.022

Carriel Schmitt, C.; Gagliardi Reolon, M.; Zimmermann, M.; Raffelt, K.; Grunwaldt, J.-D.; Dahmen, N. (2018). Synthesis and Regeneration of Nickel-Based Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Beech Wood Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil. Catalysts, 8 (10), Article: 449. doi:10.3390/catal8100449

Schmitt, C. C.; Raffelt, K.; Zimina, A.; Krause, B.; Otto, T.; Rapp, M.; Grunwaldt, J.-D.; Dahmen, N. (2018). Hydrotreatment of Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oil Fractions Over Nickel-Based Catalyst. Topics in catalysis, 61 (15-17), 1769–1782. doi:10.1007/s11244-018-1009-z

Raffelt, K.; Nicoleit, T.; Dahmen, N.; Sauer; Joerg. (2017). Bio-Slurries From Lignocellulose. Encyclopedia of Sustainable Technologies. Ed. by Abraham, Martin, 217–228, Elsevier.

Boscagli, C.; Raffelt, K.; Grunwaldt, J.-D. (2017). Reactivity of platform molecules in pyrolysis oil and in water during hydrotreatment over nickel and ruthenium catalysts. Biomass and bioenergy, 106, 63–73. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2017.08.013

Boscagli, C.; Yang, C.; Welle, A.; Wang, W.; Behrens, S.; Raffelt, K.; Grunwaldt, J.-D. (2017). Effect of pyrolysis oil components on the activity and selectivity of nickel-based catalysts during hydrotreatment. Applied catalysis / A, 544, 161–172. doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2017.07.025

Baehr, C.; Gulden, J.; Raffelt, K.; Dahmen, N. (2017). Carbon dioxide as a solvent for pyrolysis oils. Proceedings of the 25th European Biomass Conference & Exhibition, Stockholm/Schweden, 12.06.-15.06.17.

Carriel-Schmitt, C.; Boscagli, C.; Rapp, M.; Raffelt, K.; Dahmen, N. (2017). Characterization of Light and Heavy Phase of Pyrolysis-Oil from Distinct Biomass for Further Upgrading Reactions. Proceedings of the 25th European Biomass Conference & Exhibition, Stockholm/Schweden, 12.06.-15.06.17, 1143–1147. doi:10.5071/25thEUBCE2017-3AV.3.15

Moreira, R.; Cruz-Neves, R.; Carriel-Schmitt, C.; Breunig, M.; Coelho Tambani, P.; Ushima, A. H.; Funke, A.; Raffelt, K. (2017). Characterization of Brazilian Sugarcane Bagasse and Sugarcane Straw Based on European Methodologies to Evaluate the Potential for Energy Conversion. Proceedings of the 25th European Biomass Conference & Exhibition, Stockholm/Schweden, 12.06.-15.06.17, 150–155. doi:10.5071/25thEUBCE2017-1DV.1.6

Feng, P.; Lin, W.; Jensen, P. A.; Song, W.; Hao, L.; Raffelt, K.; Dam-Johansen, K. (2016). Entrained flow gasification of coal/bio-oil slurries. Energy, 111 (Sept 15), 793–802. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2016.05.115

Olbrich, W.; Boscagli, C.; Raffelt, K.; Zang, H.; Dahmen, N.; Sauer, J. (2016). Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of pyrolysis oil over nickel-based catalysts under H2/CO2 atmosphere. Sustainable Chemical Processes, 4 (1), 9. doi:10.1186/s40508-016-0053-x

Mertens, F.; Nicoleit, T.; Raffelt, K. (2016). Comparison of Analytical Methods for Highly Aqueous Pyrolysis Condensates. Proceedings of the 24th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition : EUBCE 2016, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 6th - 9th June 2016, 1294–1297, ETA. doi:10.5071/24THEUBCE2016-3DV.3.49

Boscagli, C.; Raffelt, K.; Zevaco, T. A.; Olbrich, W.; Otto, T. N.; Sauer, J.; Grunwaldt, J.-D. (2015). Mild hydrotreatment of the light fraction of fast-pyrolysis oil produced from straw over nickel-based catalysts. Biomass and bioenergy, 83, 525–538. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.11.003

Weber, C.; Boscagli, C.; Raffelt, K.; Richter, D.; Zevaco, T. (2015). Fast pyrolysis of fresh bio waste and ensiled municipal green cut. Chemie - Ingenieur - Technik, 87 (12), 1696–1706. doi:10.1002/cite.201500040

Nicoleit, T.; Herzog, A. C.; Raffelt, K.; Dahmen, N.; Sauer, J. (2014). Suspensions of flash pyrolysed biomass: Systematic examination of stirring. Proceedings of the 22nd European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, Hamburg, June 23-26, 2014, 1151–1154, ETA-Florence Renewable Energies. doi:10.5071/22ndEUBCE2014-3CV.2.16

Nicoleit, T.; Steffensen, A.; Raffelt, K.; Sauer, J. (2014). Mixing and stirring gasifier feeds of pyrolyzed biomass suspensions. 5th International Conference on Engineering for Waste and Biomass Valorisation and 1st WasteEng Summer School 2014, Rio de Janeiro, BR, August 25-28, 2014. Ed.: A. Nzihou., CD-ROM.

Raffelt, K. (2013). NMR methods for product quality diagnostics in bio-oil production. PyNe Newsletter, (33), 21–23.

Nicoleit, T.; Erbay, G.; Raffelt, K. (2013). Investigations about the mixing process of char and biooil as products from the flash pyrolysis of biomass. Proceedings of the 21st European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, Copenhagen, DK, June 3-7, 2013, 956–961, ETA-Florence Renewable Energies.

Nicoleit, T.; Bitsch, B.; Girke, F. P.; Raffelt, K.; Dahmen, N.; Dinjus, E. (2012). Charakaterisierung von Ethylenglykol-Pyrolysekoks-Slurries, dem Modellbrennstoff des bioliq-Vergasers. Konversion von Biomassen (Velen X) : Beiträge zur DGMK-Fachbereichstagung, Rotenburg a.d.Fulda, 19.-21. März 2012, Deutsche Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft für Erdöl, Erdgas und Kohle e.V. (DGMK).

Dahmen, N.; Henrich, E.; Kruse, A.; Raffelt, K. (2010). Biomass liquefaction and gasification. Vertes, A.A. [Hrsg.] Biomass to Biofuels : Strategies for Global Industries Chichester : Wiley, 2010, 91–122.

Raffelt, K.; Henrich, E.; Koegel, A.; Stahl, R.; Steinhardt, J.; Weirich, F. (2006). The BTL2 Process of Biomass Utilization Entrained-Flow Gasification of Pyrolyzed Biomass Slurries. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology, 129 (1-3), 153–164. doi:10.1385/ABAB:129:1:153

Henrich, E.; Raffelt, K.; Stahl, R.; Weirich, F. (2004). Gasification of biomass. Agricultural residues to synfuel and power. MoDeSt Workshop on Recycling of Polymeric Materials, Karlsruhe, July 3-4, 2003 Wissenschaftliche Berichte, FZKA-7005 (April 2004), B5/1–18.

Henrich, E.; Dinjus, E.; Kögel, A.; Raffelt, K.; Stahl, R.; Weirich, F. (2004). A two stage process for synfuel from biomass. Van Swaaij, W.P.M. [Hrsg.] 2nd World Biomass Conf. : Biomass for Energy, Industry and Climate Protection ; Proc.of the Conf.held in Roma, I, May 10-14, 2004 Vol.I Firenze : ETA ; München : WIP, 2004, 729–33.

Raffelt, K.; Henrich, E.; Koegel, A.; Stahl, R.; Steinhardt, J.; Weirich, F. (2004). Stable slurries from biomass pyrolysis products for entrained flow gasification. Van Swaaij, W.P.M. [Hrsg.] 2nd World Biomass Conf. : Biomass for Energy, Industry and Climate Protection ; Proc.of the Conf.held in Roma, I, May 10-14, 2004 Vol.I Firenze : ETA ; München : WIP, 2004, 914–17.

Raffelt, K.; Henrich, E.; Steinhardt, J. (2004). Herstellung und Eigenschaften von Slurries aus Biomasse für die Biomassevergasung. Energetische Nutzung von Biomassen : Beiträge zur DGMK-Fachbereichstagung, Velen, 19.-21.April 2004 Hamburg : DGMK, 2004 (DGMK-Tagungsbericht ; 2004-1), 333–40.

Stahl, R.; Henrich, E.; Kögel, A.; Raffelt, K.; Steinhardt, J.; Weirich, F.; Dinjus, E. (2004). Pressurised entrained gasification of slurries from biomass. Van Swaaij, W.P.M. [Hrsg.] 2nd World Biomass Conf. : Biomass for Energy, Industry and Climate Protection ; Proc.of the Conf.held in Roma, I, May 10-14, 2004 Vol.I Firenze : ETA ; München : WIP, 2004, 813–16.

Henrich, E.; Dinjus, E.; Raffelt, K.; Stahl, R.; Weirich, F. (2003). Synthesegas aus Biomasse. Nachrichten - Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, 35, 92–98.